Savings Calculator

This basic calculator is meant to provide a high-level overview of the impact AM Batteries’ dry electrode process can have on a battery manufacturing plant vs. the conventional slurry coating process.

Only seven inputs are required to demonstrate the impact dry has on operational and product costs.

• Factory Location
• Factory Scale
• Cathode & Anode Chemistry


• Factory Location
• Factory Scale
• Cathode & Anode Chemistry

• Coating Thickness
• Process Yield
• Equipment Provider


• Coating Thickness
• Process Yield
• Equipment Provider

Outputs

Cell Cost
($/kWh)
CO2 Impact
(kg CO2)
Op Costs
($/kWh)
Real Estate
(sq. ft)

How does AM Batteries
Differentiate from Other Dry Methods?

Dry electrode manufacturing can be broken into 2 primary categories, with multiple underlying subcategories and methods:

Powder to Electrode™
AM Batteries - Dry Deposition

Powder deposited onto foil → compressed

Extrusion
e.g., Maxwell/Tesla
Powder → free-standing film → foil compression

Both methods accomplish the goal of removing solvents from the electrode manufacturing process, but have differences in materials, mixing, deposition, footprint, and energy usage. 

AM Batteries Powder to Electrode™

Dry Extrusion Coating

Slurry Coating + Drying

COATING PROCESS
Materials
Mixing
Coating
Edge
Formation
Compression
CELL
Electrolyte
Wetting
ECHEM
Performance
Extrusion
Extrusion
Extrusion

Requires PTFE

Tighter process control to activate binder without forming “goo”

Material calendared into a thick film then onto the current collector
• Thin coatings and layering difficult due to web tension and surface smoothness
• Tandem dual-sided 

Edges / lanes film trims need to be remixed for recycling 

Multiple rolls for densification and
compression to current collector

Slower to wet due lower surface energy of PTFE

PTFE degradation at anode potential 

Powder to Electrode™
Powder to Electrode™
Powder to Electrode™

Flexible binder chemistry

Extremely fast; low capex; high mix filled volume

Material deposited directly onto current collector
• Supports thick, thin and layered coatings
• Side A → B

Excess powder directly recycled back into coater

Single step compression of powder into current collector

Faster to wet due to higher surface energy binder

Higher performance
• Flexible binder system
• Lower tortuosity

Savings Calculator FAQ

Who is this for, and how accurate is it?
What assumptions drive the cost estimates?
How does Factory Location affect costs?
What do you mean by tier 1, 2, and 3 equipment vendors?
Are tariffs included?
Does this model account for CapEx, OpEx, BOM Costs, Location?
What are the major differences between slurry and dry electrode manufacturing in the model?
How realistic is the energy density gain with thicker electrodes?
Where do the cost savings come from in a thicker electrode vs. a slurry process?
When does the slurry coating process beat dry coating in cost?

References:

  1. McKinsey & Company. Unlocking the Growth Opportunity in Battery Manufacturing Equipment. 2022.

  2. BCG. The Battery Cell Factory of the Future. 2025.

  3. Roland Berger & PEM RWTH Aachen. Battery Monitor 2024/2025.

  4. VDMA / RWTH Aachen. Lithium-ion Battery Cell Production Process Manual, 3rd Edition.

  5. Intercalation Ltd. Battery Component Price Report, March 2025.

  6. JPMorgan. Global Battery & Materials 2024 Outlook.

  7. Dürr Systems. Li-ion Battery Electrode Manufacturing Whitepaper. 2022.

  8. Applied Energy. Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries. 2023.

  9. CATL / JPMorgan. Beyond the Headlines: CATL Strategy Review. Jan 2025.

  10. IEA. Global EV Outlook 2025. International Energy Agency.

  11. Barclays. Battery Technology Newsletter. Feb 2025.

  12. BloombergNEF. Energy Transition Investment Trends 2025. Jan 2025.

  13. Volta Foundation. Battery Report 2024.

  14. Argonne National Laboratory. BatPaC 5.1 Manual. 2022.peed, security, and flexibility.

Savings Calculator FAQ

Who is this for, and how accurate is it?
What assumptions drive the cost estimates?
How does Factory Location affect costs?
What do you mean by tier 1, 2, and 3 equipment vendors?
Are tariffs included?
Does this model account for CapEx, OpEx, BOM Costs, Location?
What are the major differences between slurry and dry electrode manufacturing in the model?
How realistic is the energy density gain with thicker electrodes?
Where do the cost savings come from in a thicker electrode vs. a slurry process?
When does the slurry coating process beat dry coating in cost?

References:

  1. McKinsey & Company. Unlocking the Growth Opportunity in Battery Manufacturing Equipment. 2022.

  2. BCG. The Battery Cell Factory of the Future. 2025.

  3. Roland Berger & PEM RWTH Aachen. Battery Monitor 2024/2025.

  4. VDMA / RWTH Aachen. Lithium-ion Battery Cell Production Process Manual, 3rd Edition.

  5. Intercalation Ltd. Battery Component Price Report, March 2025.

  6. JPMorgan. Global Battery & Materials 2024 Outlook.

  7. Dürr Systems. Li-ion Battery Electrode Manufacturing Whitepaper. 2022.

  8. Applied Energy. Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries. 2023.

  9. CATL / JPMorgan. Beyond the Headlines: CATL Strategy Review. Jan 2025.

  10. IEA. Global EV Outlook 2025. International Energy Agency.

  11. Barclays. Battery Technology Newsletter. Feb 2025.

  12. BloombergNEF. Energy Transition Investment Trends 2025. Jan 2025.

  13. Volta Foundation. Battery Report 2024.

  14. Argonne National Laboratory. BatPaC 5.1 Manual. 2022.peed, security, and flexibility.

Savings Calculator FAQ

Who is this for, and how accurate is it?
What assumptions drive the cost estimates?
How does Factory Location affect costs?
What do you mean by tier 1, 2, and 3 equipment vendors?
Are tariffs included?
Does this model account for CapEx, OpEx, BOM Costs, Location?
What are the major differences between slurry and dry electrode manufacturing in the model?
How realistic is the energy density gain with thicker electrodes?
Where do the cost savings come from in a thicker electrode vs. a slurry process?
When does the slurry coating process beat dry coating in cost?

References:

  1. McKinsey & Company. Unlocking the Growth Opportunity in Battery Manufacturing Equipment. 2022.

  2. BCG. The Battery Cell Factory of the Future. 2025.

  3. Roland Berger & PEM RWTH Aachen. Battery Monitor 2024/2025.

  4. VDMA / RWTH Aachen. Lithium-ion Battery Cell Production Process Manual, 3rd Edition.

  5. Intercalation Ltd. Battery Component Price Report, March 2025.

  6. JPMorgan. Global Battery & Materials 2024 Outlook.

  7. Dürr Systems. Li-ion Battery Electrode Manufacturing Whitepaper. 2022.

  8. Applied Energy. Costs, carbon footprint, and environmental impacts of lithium-ion batteries. 2023.

  9. CATL / JPMorgan. Beyond the Headlines: CATL Strategy Review. Jan 2025.

  10. IEA. Global EV Outlook 2025. International Energy Agency.

  11. Barclays. Battery Technology Newsletter. Feb 2025.

  12. BloombergNEF. Energy Transition Investment Trends 2025. Jan 2025.

  13. Volta Foundation. Battery Report 2024.

  14. Argonne National Laboratory. BatPaC 5.1 Manual. 2022.peed, security, and flexibility.